Driving a Stepper as a 2-Phase Brushless Motor

To achieve the highest performance, the stepper motor can be treated as a 2 phase brushless servo motor. Current to the motor will then be controlled as a function of the error signal just as with standard servo motors. Galil refers to as 2 Phase Brushless mode, or 2PB. Figure 7 details the stepper motor system being driven in this mode. Now, rather than step pulses, a torque command signal (brown line) is generated by the controller to be fed to one of Galil's internal amplifiers operating in 2PB mode in order to control the position of the motor. times. A stepper motor driven in 2PB mode is analogous to a classic servo motor attached to a speed reduction gearbox.

Closed Loop Stepper Control

By leveraging Galil's methods of closed loop stepper control, the various shortcomings of stepper motors can be overcome. The endpoint position can be adjusted for inaccuracies with stepper position maintenance mode, the position can be dynamically adjusted with closed loop microstepping, and lastly the stepper motor can be treated as a 2-phase brushless servo to further increase the performance and efficiency of the motor. If you have questions on which mode of closed loop stepper operation is appropriate for your application, contact our Applications Engineering department at oyostepper.com.

APPLICATION ON NEMA 17 Steppering Motor FOR 3D Printers

Stepper motors are brushless dc motors that use multi-toothed electromagnets to define the position. The electromagnets are fixed around a centralized gear. NEMA numbers define the standard dimensions of a faceplate for mounting a motor.  NEMA 17 stepper motors are stepper motors with a 43.2mm x 43.2mm (1.7 inch x 1.7 inch) faceplate. They are heavier and larger than a NEMA 14, but their size is what ensures more room for higher torque. NEMA 17 is the most common size for stepper motors used in 3D printers. They can be designed and manufactured to have different mechanical and electrical specifications to suit the 3D printer that you want to build.

When looking for a NEMA 17 stepper, remember that the name is merely the frame size standard, which defines the dimensions of a mounting faceplate. You need to make sure that you are getting the right stepper based on the motor’s electrical specifications. A high torque NEMA 17 stepper that can provide 200 steps per revolution (1.8-degree step angle) is one of the options to consider for 3D printers. Be sure to check the model and specifications of your 3D printer before you buy a NEMA 17.

Some companies can manufacture and design custom NEMA 17 stepper motors for your 3D printer. The service comes with custom winding and housing to suit specific dimensional and application needs. You can choose different lead wires and include lubricant and bearing options in case you need parts for high temperature and humid operations.

Custom NEMA 17 stepper motors are ideal for custom 3D printer applications that require a specific lead length, shaft size, frame size, or body length. You can order NEMA 17 steppers online. Look for a reputable supplier of small electric motors with years of experience working for a range of industries. This way, you can be sure to get high-quality stepper motors at the right size and at a reasonable price.

Nema 17 Stepper Motor Bipolar L=48mm w/ Gear Ratio 100:1 Planetary Gearbox

What’s the difference between servo and closed-loop stepper motors?

Servo and stepper motors have similar construction and share the same fundamental operating principle. Both motor types incorporate a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with coiled windings, and both are operated by energizing, or applying a dc voltage to, the stator windings, which causes the rotor to move. However, this is where the similarities between servo and stepper motors end.

Drive methods for stepper motors
Stepping motors have 50 to 100 poles and are two-phase devices, where servo motors have between four and 12 poles and are three-phase devices. Stepper motor drives generate sine waves with a frequency that changes with speed … but with an amplitude that is constant.



Servo drives, on the other hand, produce sine waves with variable frequency and amplitude, allowing them to control both speed and torque.




Control methods for stepper motors
Traditional closed-loop stepper motor move when they receive a command to advance a certain number of pulses, which correlate to a distance. Steppers are considered open-loop systems because they lack a feedback mechanism to verify that the target position has been reached. Servo motors also move on receipt of a command signal from their controller.

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